Evaluating Collaborative Self-Hostable Video Conferencing Platforms: A Comprehensive Analysis

Executive Summary

The demand for secure, controllable, and customizable communication solutions has propelled self-hostable video conferencing platforms to the forefront for many organizations. This report provides an in-depth evaluation of ten distinct platforms: Jitsi Meet, Nextcloud Talk, BigBlueButton, Rocket.Chat (leveraging integrations), Element Call, Apache OpenMeetings, MiroTalk SFU, Galène, PlugNMeet, and Wire. Each platform is assessed against thirty criteria, covering technical specifications, server requirements, core and advanced collaboration features, security protocols, extensibility, and operational aspects.

Key findings reveal a diverse landscape. Platforms like Jitsi Meet and BigBlueButton offer robust, feature-rich environments, with Jitsi Meet being a versatile, general-purpose tool and BigBlueButton excelling in educational contexts due to its pedagogical features. Nextcloud Talk and Rocket.Chat provide strong collaborative ecosystems, with their video conferencing capabilities often relying on or enhanced by integrations with specialized services like Jitsi or BigBlueButton. This highlights a critical consideration: the distinction between native and integrated video features, which impacts deployment complexity and feature dependency.

Security remains a paramount concern, with platforms such as Element Call, Wire, and Jitsi Meet offering varying degrees of end-to-end encryption (E2EE). However, the implementation of E2EE can affect server-side functionalities like recording and transcription. Scalability also varies significantly, with some platforms designed for smaller groups and others, particularly those utilizing Selective Forwarding Units (SFUs) like LiveKit (Element Call, PlugNMeet) or robust backends (Nextcloud Talk with HPB, Jitsi with JVB), capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of participants. This scalability often comes with increased server resource demands and deployment complexity, presenting a fundamental trade-off for organizations.

The open-source nature of these platforms offers significant advantages in terms of customization and cost, but the specifics of licensing (MIT, Apache, AGPL, etc.) and the availability of commercial support or enterprise editions introduce nuances. Docker availability is widespread, simplifying deployment for many, but server requirements can range from modest for platforms like Galène to substantial for production-grade BigBlueButton or Jitsi Meet installations.

Ultimately, the “best” platform is contingent upon an organization’s specific requirements, technical capabilities, budget, and security posture. This report aims to equip decision-makers with the detailed comparative data necessary to navigate these considerations and select the most appropriate self-hosted video conferencing solution. A recurring theme is the need to balance desired features against the operational commitment of self-hosting, underscoring the importance of thorough internal assessment and pilot testing before full-scale deployment.

I. Introduction to Self-Hosted Video Conferencing

The Imperative for Control and Privacy
In an era where digital collaboration is central to operations across industries, the choice of communication tools has profound implications for data security, operational autonomy, and financial outlay. While cloud-based SaaS video conferencing solutions offer convenience, a growing number of organizations are recognizing the imperative for greater control and privacy, leading them to explore self-hostable alternatives. The motivations are compelling: self-hosting provides unparalleled data sovereignty, ensuring that sensitive conversations and shared information reside on an organization’s own infrastructure, or on trusted, privately managed servers. This mitigates risks associated with third-party data handling and potential breaches.
Beyond security, self-hosted platforms offer significant advantages in terms of customization. Access to source code, particularly with open-source solutions, allows organizations to tailor the platform to their specific workflows, integrate it with existing enterprise systems, and modify features to meet unique needs.1 This level of adaptability is rarely achievable with proprietary SaaS offerings. Furthermore, self-hosting can be more cost-effective in the long run, especially for organizations with consistent, high-volume usage, by eliminating recurring subscription fees.1 While initial setup and maintenance require technical resources, the total cost of ownership can be lower, and it avoids vendor lock-in, providing greater strategic flexibility. The active communities often surrounding open-source projects also offer valuable support and continuous enhancements.1

Report Objectives and Scope
This report aims to provide a detailed, comparative evaluation of ten prominent self-hostable video conferencing platforms. The objective is to equip technically proficient individuals and teams with the necessary information to make an informed decision when selecting a solution that aligns with their specific requirements for collaboration, security, scalability, and operational management.
The scope of this analysis encompasses thirty distinct criteria for each platform, covering:

• Core technical details and licensing information.
• Server hardware and software prerequisites.
• Performance characteristics, including participant capacity and video resolution.
• Essential and advanced collaborative features such as screen sharing, chat, file transfer, whiteboarding, recording, and breakout rooms.
• Security measures, including end-to-end encryption and authentication mechanisms.
• Extensibility through APIs, webhooks, and integrations.
• Operational aspects like custom branding, community activity, and release frequency.

It is important to note that this evaluation is based exclusively on the research material provided at the time of this report’s compilation.

Methodology
The platforms included in this report were selected based on their explicit self-hosting capabilities and their mention within the provided research documents, ensuring relevance to the user’s query. Data for each of the thirty evaluation criteria were meticulously extracted from these documents. Where information was not available, this has been clearly indicated in the analysis. The gathered data was then compiled into individual platform profiles and a comprehensive comparative analysis to identify key differentiators, strengths, and weaknesses.
Emerging Consideration: The Trade-off Landscape
A significant consideration that emerges from analyzing self-hostable video conferencing platforms is the inherent trade-off between the richness and scalability of features, and the complexity and resource demands associated with self-hosting. Platforms that offer an extensive suite of functionalities, support for a large number of concurrent participants, and high video resolutions often necessitate more substantial server resources and a higher degree of technical expertise for successful deployment, configuration, and ongoing maintenance. For instance, Jitsi Meet, while highly scalable, can become complex to manage for very large deployments 2, and BigBlueButton’s production environments have considerable server requirements.3
Conversely, platforms designed with simplicity and moderate resource consumption in mind, such as Galène 4, may be easier to set up and manage but might offer a more streamlined feature set or have different scalability profiles for highly interactive, large-scale meetings. This does not represent a deficiency in either type of platform but rather reflects a fundamental choice in the self-hosting paradigm. Organizations must carefully weigh their specific feature requirements and desired scale of operation against their internal technical capabilities and infrastructure budget. This balance will be a recurring theme throughout the platform evaluations and comparative analysis, guiding users toward a solution that best fits their unique context.

II. Key Evaluation Criteria for Collaborative Platforms

To provide a structured and comprehensive comparison, the ten selected self-hostable video conferencing platforms are evaluated against thirty specific criteria. These criteria are grouped thematically below to offer a logical framework for understanding the various dimensions of each platform.

A. Core Technicals & Licensing:
This group covers the foundational aspects that determine a platform’s accessibility, cost implications, and deployment flexibility.

• Name: The official name of the video conferencing platform.
• Version: The latest stable version identified in the research material at the time of analysis. This indicates the maturity and currency of the software.
• Open Source (Y/N): Indicates if the platform’s source code is publicly available. Open-source solutions often offer greater transparency and customization potential.1
• License: The specific software license under which the platform is distributed (e.g., MIT, AGPL, Apache-2.0). The license dictates terms of use, modification, and redistribution, with significant implications for commercial use or derivative works.6
• Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Confirms that the platform can be deployed on an organization’s own servers or private cloud infrastructure. This is a primary criterion for this report.
• Docker Image Available (Y/N): Indicates whether an official or community-supported Docker image is available. Docker significantly simplifies deployment, configuration, and management of server applications.7

B. Server & Performance:
These criteria are critical for capacity planning, resource allocation, and ensuring a satisfactory user experience.

• Minimum Server Requirements: The baseline hardware and software specifications (CPU, RAM, storage, OS) needed to run the platform. These can vary dramatically based on the platform’s architecture and intended scale.2
• Max Concurrent Participants: The maximum number of users that can simultaneously participate in a single conference session, or across the server, as specified by the platform documentation or typical deployment scenarios. This is a key indicator of scalability.
• Video Resolution Support: The video quality options supported (e.g., SD, HD 720p, Full HD 1080p, 4K). Higher resolutions enhance the visual experience but demand more bandwidth and processing power.

C. Core Collaboration Features:
These are the fundamental tools necessary for interactive and productive online meetings.

• Screen Sharing (Y/N): The ability for participants to share their desktop, specific applications, or browser tabs.1
• Live Chat (Y/N): Integrated text-based messaging for participants to communicate during a conference.1
• File Transfer (Y/N): The capability to share files directly within the meeting interface or through the platform’s ecosystem.11
• Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Digital whiteboard functionality for collaborative drawing, ideation, and annotating presentations or shared content.9

D. Advanced Collaboration & Meeting Management:
These features enhance productivity, accessibility, and allow for more sophisticated meeting structures and post-meeting workflows.

• Recording Capability (Y/N): The ability to record audio, video, and screen sharing sessions.1
• Recording Storage: Options for where recordings can be stored (e.g., local server, cloud storage integration like Dropbox, S3).14
• Breakout Rooms (Y/N): The functionality to divide participants into smaller, separate sub-meetings for focused discussions or group activities.1
• Live Transcription (Y/N): Real-time speech-to-text conversion of meeting audio, providing live captions.7
• Transcript Export Formats: The file formats in which generated transcripts can be exported (e.g., TXT, PDF, DOCX).17

E. Security & Authentication:
These criteria are paramount for protecting communications, controlling access, and managing participants effectively.

• End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): Specifies if the platform offers encryption where only the communicating users can decrypt the content, with the server having no access to the plaintext media or messages.1
• Authentication Methods: Mechanisms used to verify user identities before granting access to meetings or administrative functions (e.g., internal user accounts, LDAP, SAML, OAuth, JWT).10
• User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): The ability to define different roles (e.g., moderator, participant, administrator) with varying levels of control and access within a meeting or the platform.19
• Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): Tools available to moderators to manage participants, such as muting audio/video, removing participants, or controlling presentation rights.21

F. Extensibility & Integration:
These features determine how well the platform can be customized, automated, and connected with other existing tools and workflows.

• Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Indicates if the platform provides a framework or support for developing bots or applications to extend its functionality or automate tasks.1
• API Access (Y/N): The availability of an Application Programming Interface for programmatic interaction with the platform, enabling custom integrations and automation.9
• Webhook Support (Y/N): The ability for the platform to send real-time notifications to external services when specific events occur (e.g., meeting started, recording completed).13
• Integrations: Notable pre-built integrations with other software or services (e.g., calendar systems, Learning Management Systems (LMS), chat platforms).1

G. Operational & Community:
These criteria are important for assessing the platform’s suitability for an organization’s branding, the level of available support, and its long-term viability.

• Custom Branding (Y/N): The ability to customize the platform’s appearance with an organization’s logo, colors, and other branding elements.19
• Community Activity Score: An assessment of the vibrancy and engagement of the platform’s open-source community, often indicated by metrics like GitHub stars, forks, contributors, and forum activity. A strong community often translates to better support and more rapid development.1
• Release Frequency (per year): The rate at which new versions or updates are released, indicating active maintenance and development.

A critical aspect that often becomes apparent when evaluating these criteria is the interdependency of features. For example, robust recording capabilities, such as those offered by Jitsi Meet through its Jibri component 2 or Nextcloud Talk’s dedicated recording backend 27, invariably influence server resource planning and storage strategies. Similarly, the implementation of end-to-end encryption 1 can introduce complexities or limitations for server-side processing tasks like recording or live transcription, unless specific architectural approaches (e.g., client-side recording or E2EE that selectively excludes a recording bot) are employed.

Furthermore, platforms like Rocket.Chat often provide video conferencing by integrating with specialized services such as Jitsi Meet or BigBlueButton.9 In such cases, many video-specific features are inherited from, and dependent on, the capabilities of the integrated platform. This layered approach offers flexibility but also means that evaluating the video conferencing aspect of Rocket.Chat necessitates an understanding of the underlying service it employs. Consequently, a simple affirmative or negative for a feature may not fully capture its operational implications; the report will endeavor to highlight these interdependencies where the provided information allows.

III. In-Depth Platform Evaluations

This section provides a detailed review of each of the ten selected self-hostable video conferencing platforms. Each profile includes an introduction to the platform, its open-source status and licensing, followed by a narrative breakdown of its features based on the thirty evaluation criteria.

A. Jitsi Meet

• Profile:
  • Introduction: Jitsi Meet is a widely recognized suite of open-source projects designed to empower users to deploy and utilize video conferencing platforms characterized by state-of-the-art video quality and a comprehensive feature set.10 It is often cited as a fan favorite due to its feature-rich nature and user-friendly interface.1 Jitsi Meet can be used as a standalone application or embedded into other web applications, offering flexibility for various use cases.7 It supports all current browsers and provides mobile applications for Android and iOS.10
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Jitsi Meet is open source (Y).10 The primary license for the jitsi-meet repository is the Apache-2.0 License.7 This permissive license allows for considerable freedom in use, modification, and distribution.
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, Jitsi Meet is designed for self-hosting. The Jitsi team provides Debian packages and a comprehensive Docker setup to simplify deployments, although advanced users can also build components from source.10
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): Yes, a comprehensive Docker setup is available.10 The docker-jitsi-meet repository is a popular option for deploying Jitsi Meet using Docker.7
  • Minimum Server Requirements: For a basic server, 2vCPU and 4GB RAM are cited as a minimum for deploying with a quick install script.9 The Jitsi Meet Handbook emphasizes that requirements depend on many factors and are different from a typical web server. For small meetings, 4GB RAM might suffice, with 2GB being a possibility for test servers or very small meetings. For a basic server, 4 dedicated CPU cores can be enough. Disk space of 20GB standard HDD is often adequate unless heavy logging is involved.2 Network bandwidth is critical, with 1 Gbit/s often sufficient for small organizations, but 10 Gbit/s advisable for serious servers.2
  • Max Concurrent Participants: While the main GitHub page doesn’t specify a hard limit, suggesting it’s scalable 10, other sources indicate practical limits. One source mentions up to 100 participants 21, and another notes that Jitsi allows unlimited participants without artificial restrictions.33 The Jitsi Meet Handbook states that the design prioritizes scalability by adding servers.2 For self-hosted instances using the Docker setup, a configuration for jitsi_prosody_max_participants can be set.34
  • Video Resolution Support: Jitsi Meet supports HD audio and video.10 Specific resolutions mentioned in the handbook include 180p (200 kbits/s), 360p (500 kbits/s), 720p HD (2500 kbits/s), and 4K (10 Mbits/s).2
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, Jitsi Meet supports screen sharing, allowing users to share their desktop or presentations.9 Multiple students can share screens simultaneously.36
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): Yes, recording functions are available.1 This is often facilitated by Jibri (Jitsi Broadcasting Infrastructure).2
  • Recording Storage: Recordings are saved locally when using Jibri.21 Jibri can be configured to store files on the server or integrate with cloud storage for automatic uploads.15 Dropbox integration is also possible for saving recordings.14
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): Yes, Jitsi Meet offers E2EE.10 A detailed description of its E2EE implementation is available, and it’s highlighted as “encryption by default” with advanced security settings.10
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Yes, Jitsi Meet has an integrated chat feature, supporting private conversations and emojis.1
  • File Transfer (Y/N): The Jitsi Desktop application (a more comprehensive communicator than just Jitsi Meet web) supports file transfer.37 The Jitsi GSoC projects list also mentions file transfer implementation for protocols like XMPP.12 However, native file sharing within a Jitsi Meet web conference is not explicitly detailed as a core feature in several overviews 10, though some self-hosting guides for Jitsi generally mention it as a capability of the broader Jitsi ecosystem.33 The Jitsi Meet handbook for users does not list file sharing as an in-meeting action.39
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): While not a built-in native feature in the core Jitsi Meet client initially, integration with third-party whiteboards like Miro or Ziteboard is suggested.36 A newer whiteboard feature based on Excalidraw has been introduced and can be enabled on self-hosted instances with specific backend and Prosody configurations.41 Some WordPress plugins for Jitsi Meet also enable a whiteboard feature if using Jitsi Meet Pro or a self-hosted API with appropriate settings.42 The main Jitsi Meet handbook doesn’t prominently feature a native whiteboard.43
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): Yes, the ability to create separate virtual rooms (breakout rooms) is a key feature.21 Configuration options for breakout rooms exist, such as hideAddRoomButton (though deprecated in favor of breakoutRooms.hideAddRoomButton).38
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Yes, Jigasi (Jitsi Gateway to SIP) provides transcription capabilities.7 Third-party services like HappyScribe or ScreenApp can also be used to transcribe Jitsi Meet recordings or live meetings by uploading audio/video files or using their AI notetakers.17
  • Transcript Export Formats: When using third-party services like HappyScribe, transcripts can be exported in formats like Word, PDF, TXT, etc..17 Native Jitsi Meet export formats via Jigasi are not detailed in these snippets.
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Not explicitly mentioned as a dedicated framework, but the developer-friendly nature and APIs allow for integrations.35
  • API Access (Y/N): Yes, Jitsi Meet provides web and native SDKs (lib-jitsi-meet) for integration into custom applications.7 An IFrame API is also available for embedding Jitsi Meet.18
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): The IFrame API supports an event system for notifications like participantJoined, participantLeft, etc., which can act like client-side webhooks.46 Server-side webhook capabilities are not explicitly detailed in the provided snippets.
  • Authentication Methods: For the public meet.jit.si service, users can start meetings with a Google, Facebook, or GitHub account.10 For self-hosted instances, authentication can be enabled, supporting internal user accounts, LDAP, JWT (JSON Web Tokens), and Matrix OpenID.18 JWT token authentication is well-documented for secure embedding and access control.18
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): Yes, moderator and participant roles are defined.19 The first person to join a room typically becomes the moderator.48 Moderators have enhanced controls. JMAP (Jitsi Meet Admin Panel) allows for managing user roles and permissions.20 JWT tokens can encode user details like name and email, and potentially affiliation (e.g., “owner”) for moderator status.18
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): Yes, moderators can mute participants, control screen sharing, remove disruptive participants, and lock meeting rooms.19 Options like startAudioMuted (mute participants after Nth joins) and startWithAudioMuted (local setting) are available in configurations.38
  • Integrations: Etherpad for collaborative document editing 35, Google Calendar and Office 365 for scheduling 21, Dropbox for recordings 14, Slack 33, and Mattermost.25 Jibri for recording/streaming 2 and Jigasi for SIP integration 7 are key components.
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Yes, Jitsi Meet allows for custom branding on self-hosted instances. This includes changing the logo, app name, and other interface elements.19 JaaS also offers branding capabilities.10
  • Community Activity Score: High. The jitsi-meet GitHub repository shows 25.6k stars, 7.2k forks, and 509 watchers.10 The broader Jitsi organization on GitHub has 171 repositories and 24 people.7
  • Release Frequency (per year): Very High. Based on release history, Jitsi Meet has frequent stable releases, often multiple per month, suggesting approximately 20 releases per year.10 The latest stable version noted is 2.0.10184.10

B. Nextcloud Talk

• Profile:
  • Introduction: Nextcloud Talk is a communication application integrated within the Nextcloud ecosystem, designed primarily for internal team meetings, chat, and webinars.1 It emphasizes privacy and user control over data, aligning with Nextcloud’s overall philosophy of providing a self-hosted private cloud solution.52 It combines chat, video calls, and file sharing capabilities, leveraging the broader Nextcloud platform for features like user management and file storage.52
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Yes, Nextcloud Talk (codenamed “spreed”) is open source.54 It is licensed under the AGPL-3.0 license.55 Nextcloud also offers enterprise subscriptions which may include access to a High-Performance Backend (HPB) for Talk, enhancing scalability.28
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, as a core component of the Nextcloud platform, Talk is self-hosted.1
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): Yes, Nextcloud itself, and specifically Nextcloud All-in-One (AIO) which includes Talk, can be deployed via Docker.28 The ghcr.io/nextcloud-releases/aio-talk:latest image is mentioned for the High-Performance Backend.28
  • Minimum Server Requirements: Nextcloud Talk significantly increases server load. Standard Nextcloud requirements apply, plus HTTPS is mandatory. SQLite must not be used; MySQL/MariaDB require utf8mb4 support. Specific webserver configurations (PHP FPM + mpm_events or PHP + mpm_prefork for Apache/Nginx) are needed due to long polling. Since Talk v13, .wasm and .tflite file handling is required.55 A TURN server on port 443 or 80 is almost always necessary.55 For the AIO setup, an extra 1-2 CPU cores and additional memory are recommended if Talk is used heavily, especially with recording.57
  • Max Concurrent Participants: Without the High-Performance Backend (HPB), Nextcloud Talk scales for very small calls, typically cited as 2-3 participants, or up to 6-10 (max 20 if no video and good connections).52 With the HPB, enterprise limits can reach thousands per call, and webinars can support hundreds or thousands.52 A community version limit of 100 users is mentioned in some AIO contexts.60
  • Video Resolution Support: Nextcloud Talk automatically adjusts sent video quality based on participant numbers and if a participant is speaking (temporarily boosted to “High”). Supported qualities include High (ideal 720x540 @30fps), Medium (max 640x480 @24fps), Low (max 480x320 @15fps), Very Low (max 320x240 @8fps), and Thumbnail (max 320x240 @1fps).61
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, users can share a single window or a full desktop screen. A speaker picture-in-picture is displayed during screen sharing.52
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): Yes, Nextcloud Talk supports call recording.52 A dedicated recording backend is required, which is recommended to run on a separate machine from the HPB.27 Recording consent can be required.52
  • Recording Storage: Recordings are typically stored within the Nextcloud Files infrastructure, adhering to user quotas and storage settings. The temporary directory for recordings while being processed is /tmp/ by default but can be customized.27 The final storage location for users is usually within their Nextcloud files.
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): Yes, Nextcloud Talk supports end-to-end encrypted calls, accessible via web and desktop clients.52
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Yes, Nextcloud Talk includes simple text chat that remains open even if a user leaves a call. Features include message search, voice messages, editing, formatting, filters, and emoji reactions.52
  • File Transfer (Y/N): Yes, documents can be shared directly into a chat from the Nextcloud Files app or uploaded from a local device.52 Attachments are stored based on the attachment_folder setting, defaulting to /Talk.63
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Yes, Nextcloud Talk allows for real-time brainstorming with a whiteboard.52
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): Yes, Nextcloud Talk supports breakout rooms.52 API for breakout room management is also available.55
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Yes, call transcripts of recorded video calls are available.52 Configuration for call_recording_transcription exists if a provider is enabled.63
  • Transcript Export Formats: Not explicitly specified, but transcripts are linked to recordings. The format would depend on the transcription provider and how Nextcloud stores/presents this data.
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Yes, webhook-based bots can be developed to integrate third-party services. Bots can be installed via OCC command and interact with chat messages and reactions.55 Nextcloud apps can also function as bots.55
  • API Access (Y/N): Yes, Nextcloud Talk provides an extensive API for administration, bots, federation, conversations, calls, recording, chat, polls, breakout rooms, and more.55
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): Yes, webhooks are supported for bots.55
  • Authentication Methods: Authentication is handled via the Nextcloud platform, which supports local users, LDAP/AD, SAML, OAuth, and other methods through its app ecosystem.53
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): Yes, permissions are managed within Nextcloud. In Talk conversations, moderation settings can control participant capabilities (e.g., posting messages, starting calls).62 Configuration options like allowed_groups (who can use Talk) and start_conversations (who can create conversations) exist.63
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): Yes, moderation features are available, including configuring permissions in rooms to limit what participants can do (e.g., post messages, start calls, screen share).62 Specific mute controls for calls are standard.
  • Integrations: Tightly integrated with Nextcloud Files, Calendar, User status, Dashboard, Flow, Maps, Contacts, Deck, and more. Bridging with other networks (IRC, Slack, MS Teams, Matrix, XMPP) via Matterbridge is supported.52 Pexip and Outlook integrations are also mentioned.52
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Yes, as part of the Nextcloud platform, theming and branding options are available. This includes custom client download repositories, customized email templates, and the ability to change default files.66 The APP_NAME and DEFAULT_LOGO_URL can be configured for Talk.50
  • Community Activity Score: High. The nextcloud/spreed (Talk) repository has 1.9k stars, 463 forks, and 106 contributors.55 The main Nextcloud server repository has 29.6k stars.68
  • Release Frequency (per year): High. Nextcloud Talk has 330 releases, with the latest being v20.1.7.55 Nextcloud itself has frequent major and minor releases.

C. BigBlueButton

• Profile:
  • Introduction: BigBlueButton (BBB) is an open-source web conferencing system specifically designed for online learning and virtual classrooms.1 It empowers teachers to teach and learners to learn through real-time sharing of audio, video, slides (with whiteboard annotations), chat, and screen sharing.13 It includes features tailored for education, such as polling, breakout rooms, multi-user whiteboards, and shared notes.13
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Yes, BigBlueButton is open source.13 It is licensed under the LGPL-3.0 license.8
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, BigBlueButton is designed to be self-hosted. Installation is typically done on a dedicated Ubuntu server using scripts like bbb-install.sh.3
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): Yes, the latest version of Docker is a requirement for installing BigBlueButton 3.0, as it uses Docker for components like LibreOffice for document conversion.3 An official bigbluebutton/docker repository exists, providing Docker files and a docker-compose.tmpl.yml for deployment, including Greenlight and a TURN server.8
  • Minimum Server Requirements: For production (BigBlueButton 3.0), a dedicated Ubuntu 22.04 64-bit server with Linux kernel 5.x, latest Docker, 16GB RAM (swap enabled), 8 CPU cores (high single-thread performance), and 500GB disk space (50GB if recording is disabled) is recommended. Bandwidth of 250 Mbits/sec (symmetrical) or more is also advised.3 For development, 4 CPU cores and 8GB RAM may suffice.3
  • Max Concurrent Participants: An optimized single BigBlueButton server can support up to 500 concurrent users, with up to 250 in a single class.72 For larger loads (e.g., 1500 users across 50 classes), Scalelite can be used to create a pool of BBB servers.74 The API allows setting a maxParticipants value for a meeting.75 Canvas integrations might show a maximum of 25 webcams at a time, paginated.76
  • Video Resolution Support: Supports low, medium, and high-resolution video options.69 Specific resolutions are not detailed in all snippets, but recording processing can handle different output resolutions for screen sharing (e.g., 1280x720 default, configurable to 1920x1080).77
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, BigBlueButton supports real-time screen sharing.13
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): Yes, presenters can record sessions for later playback.13 Recordings capture presentation, chat, webcams, etc..80
  • Recording Storage: Recordings are stored on the BigBlueButton server, typically in /var/bigbluebutton/.77 Raw data is kept for a configurable period (default 14 days after publishing).77 Recordings can be transferred between servers using rsync.77 MP4 format is available for recordings.77 Cloud storage integration for backups can be set up.82
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): Yes, BigBlueButton is stated to provide E2EE in some comparisons and documentation.78
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Yes, real-time public and private chat is supported.13 Chat can be part of recordings.80
  • File Transfer (Y/N): Users (presenters, or students made presenters) can upload presentation files (PPT, Word, PDF, images).69 Viewers can download the current presentation.80 Direct live file transfer between participants in chat is not explicitly detailed as a primary feature in the same way as presentation uploads.
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Yes, BigBlueButton features a multi-user whiteboard with annotation tools for slides and presentations.9 Annotations can be included in downloaded presentations.84
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): Yes, breakout rooms for group collaboration are a key feature.1
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Yes, live automatic closed captions are available for browsers supporting SpeechRecognition (Chrome, Edge, Safari).84 Users must enable it and select a language. A third-party plugin bbb-live-subtitles also offers on-premise ASR for live subtitles.86 A bbb-transcription-controller is mentioned as missing/broken in the Docker setup 70, but also as a component that uses a transcription service.16
  • Transcript Export Formats: Moderators can export closed captions in document formats.87 The bbb-live-subtitles plugin writes subtitles to Shared Notes, which can be exported as PDF or Word.86 Captions are saved in WebVTT format as part of recordings.81
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): BigBlueButton has a plugin architecture (SDK available) allowing for client-side extensions.8 Server-side bot framework is not explicitly detailed, but API and webhooks allow for external automation.
  • API Access (Y/N): Yes, a comprehensive API is available for creating/joining/ending meetings, managing recordings, inserting documents, sending chat messages, etc..13
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): Yes, webhooks are supported. The API allows specifying callback URLs for events like meeting end and recording ready.13 The bbb-webhook package is required for some webhook functionalities, like auto-closing conferences.31
  • Authentication Methods: Primarily managed by a front-end like Greenlight. Greenlight v3 supports OpenID Connect, and through Keycloak, methods like Google, Microsoft, SAML, LDAP, and local accounts.90 API access is secured via a shared secret and checksum mechanism.75
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): Yes, roles include Moderator and Viewer. Moderators have extended controls like muting, ejecting users, managing presentations, and starting/stopping recordings.13 Greenlight allows assigning roles like Administrator and User.90
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): Yes, extensive moderation controls are available, including muting users, ending meetings, managing presenter status, and locking viewer features.13
  • Integrations: Deeply integrated with major LMSs like Moodle, Canvas, Sakai, Jenzabar, D2L, Schoology.9 Greenlight serves as a popular front-end.8 Scalelite for load balancing.74 Nextcloud presentation upload is supported.84
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Yes, BigBlueButton allows for white-label branding, including custom domain/sub-domain, logo, colors, and welcome messages, often managed via Greenlight or direct configuration file edits.69
  • Community Activity Score: Very High. The bigbluebutton/bigbluebutton GitHub repository has 8.8k stars, 6k forks, and 220 contributors.8
  • Release Frequency (per year): High. In the last year (May 2024 - May 2025), there were 5 releases, including minor updates and a beta, suggesting an active release cycle of roughly 1-3 weeks for stable updates and longer for major/beta versions.13 The latest version noted is 3.0.8.13

D. Rocket.Chat

• Profile:
  • Introduction: Rocket.Chat positions itself as a comprehensive, open-source communication platform designed for organizations that prioritize data protection and control.23 It offers features for team collaboration, omnichannel customer service, and a customizable chat engine.97 While its core strength lies in messaging, Rocket.Chat integrates with various video conferencing providers to offer audio and video call capabilities.1
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Yes, the Rocket.Chat core platform is open source.97 The main Rocket.Chat repository is under an MIT license.96 However, some apps in its marketplace or enterprise editions may have different licensing terms.
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, Rocket.Chat offers flexible hosting options, including self-managed deployments on-premise or in a private cloud.23
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): Yes, Docker images are available, and docker-compose files are provided for deployment.96
  • Minimum Server Requirements: Server requirements vary based on the number of concurrent users and whether high availability or microservices are used. For a starter plan (up to 50 concurrent users, no HA), Rocket.Chat needs 1 vCPU, 2 GiB RAM, 40 GB storage, and MongoDB needs 2 vCPU, 2 GiB RAM, 10 GB storage. These requirements scale up significantly for Pro and Enterprise plans with more users.97 These primarily cover the chat platform; video conferencing load depends on the integrated provider (e.g., Jitsi, BBB).
  • Max Concurrent Participants (Video): This depends entirely on the integrated video conferencing provider (e.g., Jitsi, Pexip, BigBlueButton) and its own configuration and limits.76 Rocket.Chat itself does not impose a separate limit on video participants beyond what the provider supports.
  • Video Resolution Support: Dependent on the integrated video conferencing provider.98
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, through integration with providers like Jitsi 30 or BigBlueButton 31, which support screen sharing.
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): Dependent on the integrated provider. For example, BigBlueButton integration mentions recording for Enterprise plans.31 Pexip integration also lists recording.103 Jitsi integration itself does not explicitly state recording as a feature controlled via Rocket.Chat settings, but Jitsi itself supports recording.30
  • Recording Storage: Dependent on the integrated provider’s storage mechanisms (e.g., Jitsi/Jibri local/cloud, BBB server storage).
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N) (for Video): Rocket.Chat offers E2EE for messages and files within its chat platform.104 For video calls, E2EE depends on the provider. Jitsi Meet supports E2EE 30, so if Jitsi is used and configured for E2EE, the video call could be E2EE.
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Yes, native live chat is a core feature of Rocket.Chat.23
  • File Transfer (Y/N): Yes, file sharing is a core feature of the Rocket.Chat platform.99 Encrypted file upload is possible with E2EE enabled for rooms.104
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Dependent on the integrated video provider. BigBlueButton integration provides whiteboard features.31 Collaboard integration offers whiteboarding for the workspace.99
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): Dependent on the integrated video provider.
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Dependent on the integrated video provider.
  • Transcript Export Formats: Dependent on the integrated video provider.
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Yes, Rocket.Chat has an Apps Engine for developing custom integrations and a marketplace for pre-built apps.23
  • API Access (Y/N): Yes, Rocket.Chat provides REST and Websocket APIs.97
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): Yes, webhooks can be used for custom app integration.97
  • Authentication Methods: Rocket.Chat supports various authentication methods including local user accounts, LDAP 105, SAML 106, and OAuth with providers like Google, Apple, GitHub, LinkedIn, and custom OAuth configurations.107 Password policies can be enforced for local accounts.108
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): Yes, Rocket.Chat has a system of user roles and permissions for managing access and capabilities within the workspace.
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): For chat, yes. For video calls, moderation controls (mute, camera control) depend on the capabilities exposed by the integrated provider. Jitsi integration allows Rocket.Chat to control microphone and camera.100
  • Integrations: Extensive. Video conferencing integrations include Jitsi 30, Pexip 100, BigBlueButton 31, and Google Meet.100 Also integrates with Zapier, Jira, GitHub/GitLab, and many others via its marketplace.23
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Yes, Rocket.Chat allows UI customization, including CSS or JS for room configurations.23 White-labeling is mentioned in developer documentation.97
  • Community Activity Score: Very High. The main Rocket.Chat GitHub repository has 42.7k stars, 11.8k forks, and 887 contributors.96
  • Release Frequency (per year): Very High. Rocket.Chat has 1,056 releases, with the latest version 7.6.1 noted.97 This indicates a rapid and continuous release cycle.

E. Element Call

• Profile:
  • Introduction: Element Call is a native Matrix video conferencing application developed by Element. It is designed for secure, scalable, privacy-respecting, and decentralized video and voice calls operating over the Matrix protocol.29 It utilizes MatrixRTC (MSC4143) and leverages LiveKit as its backend for SFU capabilities, enabling support for large meetings.29 Element Call can function as a standalone web application or be embedded as a widget within Matrix clients like Element Web or Element X.29
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Yes, Element Call is open source. It is dual-licensed: available for free under the AGPL-3.0 license, or via a paid Element Commercial License for users who require different terms.29
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, Element Call can be self-hosted. This involves deploying the Element Call web application and its backend components, including a Matrix homeserver (like Synapse), a LiveKit SFU, and a Matrix LiveKit JWT authentication service.29
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): Yes, Docker is mentioned for deploying backend components in a local development environment (Synapse, LiveKit Auth Service, LiveKit SFU, Redis) via dev-backend-docker-compose.yml.29 For the Element Web client (which can host Element Call as a widget), official Docker images like vectorim/element-web and community alternatives like dotwee/element-web are available.115
  • Minimum Server Requirements: Self-hosting Element Call requires a Matrix homeserver (e.g., Synapse), a LiveKit SFU, and a LiveKit JWT auth service.110 For Synapse with open federation, Element recommends a minimum of 8 vCPUs and 32GB RAM; for closed federation, 6 vCPUs and 16GB RAM.117 The Element Call application itself (static files) has minimal requirements, but the backend (especially LiveKit SFU) will depend on usage. LiveKit server resource needs are not detailed in these snippets for specific user counts.
  • Max Concurrent Participants: Dependent on the self-hosted LiveKit SFU’s capacity. LiveKit itself states no hard limit on participants per room for its core architecture, but practical limits depend on server resources and configuration.118 LiveKit Cloud free tier limits to 100 concurrent participants, Ship plan to 1,000, and Scale plan is unlimited.119 For a self-hosted LiveKit SFU, this would need to be determined by server capabilities.
  • Video Resolution Support: Not explicitly detailed for Element Call, but LiveKit (its backend) supports various codecs and resolutions, and the quality would be adaptable based on network conditions and client capabilities.
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, Element Call supports screen sharing.111 LiveKit, its backend, has native screen sharing support across platforms.121
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): Dependent on the LiveKit backend. LiveKit supports recording audio and/or video using its Egress feature, which can create room composite recordings.118
  • Recording Storage: If using LiveKit’s Egress for recording, files can be stored in cloud storage providers like Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or Azure Blob Storage.122
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): Yes, Element Call provides end-to-end encrypted voice and video calls.29
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Element Call itself is primarily for voice/video. Chat functionality is part of the broader Matrix ecosystem provided by clients like Element X or Element Web, which can embed Element Call as a widget. Element X offers rich messaging features.124 The focus of Element Call is the call itself, with chat being handled by the hosting Matrix client.
  • File Transfer (Y/N): Similar to chat, file transfer is a feature of the hosting Matrix client (e.g., Element Web/X), not directly of Element Call. Matrix supports file sharing.
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Not specified as a feature of Element Call in the provided snippets.
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): Not specified as a feature of Element Call in the provided snippets.
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Not specified for Element Call itself. LiveKit (backend) can make text transcripts available in real-time via its llm_node or transcription_node for agent sessions.122
  • Transcript Export Formats: If using LiveKit’s text transcript features, it can be saved to a file (e.g., JSON).122
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Not directly for Element Call, but the Matrix ecosystem supports bots and integrations.
  • API Access (Y/N): When used as a widget, Element Call communicates with the hosting client via the widget API.29 The LiveKit backend has its own server APIs for token generation, room management, etc..118
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): LiveKit (the backend) supports webhooks for server events.118
  • Authentication Methods: In widget mode, authentication is handled by the hosting Matrix client.29 For standalone mode, it connects to a homeserver, implying Matrix authentication. The LiveKit backend uses JWT tokens for authorizing clients to connect to the SFU.29
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): Managed by the Matrix homeserver and room permissions within the Matrix ecosystem. Element X allows admins to kick/ban users.124 LiveKit tokens can encode permissions for what a participant can do in a LiveKit room.118
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): These would typically be features of the call interface. Element X allows admins to take actions on users.124 Specific in-call moderation controls for Element Call are not detailed, but standard WebRTC call controls (mute/unmute) are expected.
  • Integrations: Element Call integrates as a widget into Matrix clients like Element Web and Element X.29 It relies on a Matrix homeserver and LiveKit backend.
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Not specified for Element Call itself. However, since it’s open source and can be self-hosted, customization of the web interface is possible. The hosting Element client (like Element Web) might also have its own theming options.125
  • Community Activity Score: High for Element and Matrix. Element Call (element-hq/element-call) has 699 stars and 113 forks.29 The broader Element and Matrix projects have very active communities.
  • Release Frequency (per year): The element-hq/element-call repository shows frequent commits and releases. The latest version mentioned is v0.11.1 on May 19, 2025.29 Element X (iOS client) also sees frequent updates, e.g., v25.05.2 on May 26, 2025 and v25.04.3 on Apr 14, 2025 124, indicating an active development ecosystem.

F. Apache OpenMeetings

• Profile:
  • Introduction: Apache OpenMeetings is an open-source web conferencing solution that provides video conferencing, instant messaging, whiteboarding, collaborative document editing, and other groupware tools.127 It uses API functions from a media server, Kurento (previously Red5), for remoting and streaming.127 It is designed to be a flexible platform for online meetings, training, and webinars.128
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Yes, Apache OpenMeetings is an open-source project under The Apache Software Foundation.131 It is distributed under the Apache License 2.0.129
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, Apache OpenMeetings is designed for self-hosting.131
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): Yes, official Docker images are provided by Apache, e.g., apache/openmeetings on Docker Hub.135
  • Minimum Server Requirements: Minimalistic: 2GHz CPU, 4GB RAM (server-side, without document converters, recorder, upload). Recommended: 2x/4x 2GHz++ CPU (32/64Bit), 8GB RAM.133 Java 17 is required for recent versions.133 A Kurento Media Server installation is also a prerequisite.133 Dependencies like ImageMagick, OpenOffice/LibreOffice, and FFmpeg are needed for full feature set (image/document conversion, recording conversion).133
  • Max Concurrent Participants: The platform itself does not state a hard limit, but performance depends on server hardware. Commercial hosting providers offer dedicated servers for 100, 200, and 400 concurrent users, and elastic private clouds for 800, 1600 or more users, including clustering.138 A configuration calendar.conference.rooms.default.size defaults to 50.139
  • Video Resolution Support: Users can choose multiple camera resolutions (4:3, 16:9, 3:2) and adjust video quality settings.130 Specific resolutions like 1920x1080 are mentioned in the context of installation tutorials.140
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, supports screen sharing (desktop or specific windows) with different quality settings.128
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): Yes, entire sessions including audio/video can be recorded.128
  • Recording Storage: Recordings can be downloaded as MP4 files or watched online. They are managed in an integrated File-Explorer.130 FFmpeg is required for importing/converting recorded files.133
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): Some sources suggest OpenMeetings offers E2EE.142 However, the primary OpenMeetings documentation details data security through HTTPS/SSL and secure protocols like RTMPS 129, but does not explicitly describe a client-to-client E2EE mechanism for media streams in the same way modern E2EE systems (like Signal protocol based) are defined. The underlying Pulsar project (unrelated to OpenMeetings media server but an Apache project) has E2EE for messages 143, which might cause confusion. The core OpenMeetings documentation focuses on transport encryption.
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Yes, instant messaging and multi-whiteboard chat are available.127
  • File Transfer (Y/N): Yes, through the File Explorer in each room. Users have private and public drives, and files can be exchanged.129 Maximum upload size is configurable (default 100MB).139
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Yes, extensive multi-whiteboard capabilities with drawing, writing, image import, document import (PDF, DOC, PPT), and collaborative editing.127
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): The main feature list on the Apache OpenMeetings website does not explicitly mention “breakout rooms” in the same way other platforms do.131 While it supports multiple room types (presentation, cooperation, interview) 145 and user/group management for assigning users to different rooms, dedicated in-meeting dynamic breakout room functionality as seen in tools like Zoom or BigBlueButton is not clearly detailed in these snippets. OpenTalk, which is sometimes mentioned in similar contexts, does have breakout rooms 146, but this is a distinct product.
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Not explicitly mentioned as a native feature in the core documentation.129 One unrelated YouTube video shows an AI service transcribing meeting audio from object storage, but this is not presented as a built-in OpenMeetings feature.147
  • Transcript Export Formats: Not applicable if live transcription is not a native feature.
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Not explicitly mentioned as a bot framework, but it offers SOAP/REST APIs for integration.129
  • API Access (Y/N): Yes, SOAP/REST APIs are provided for integration with other applications and websites.129
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): Not specified in the provided snippets.
  • Authentication Methods: Supports internal user management, LDAP/ADS connectors, and OAuth2.130 Configuration options exist for allow.frontend.register, allow.soap.register, allow.oauth.register.139
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): Yes, a moderating system allows moderators to adjust user permissions individually during a conference (e.g., allow/deny moderation, drawing, presenting, screen sharing, mute).128 User and group management is available in administration.130
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): Yes, extensive moderation controls are provided.128
  • Integrations: Plugins for Moodle, Sakai, Jira, Joomla, Drupal, Bitrix, Confluence, SugarCRM, Redmine.129 LDAP/ADS and VoIP/Asterisk integration modules are also available.129
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Yes, the logo in the header can be changed by replacing image files and modifying configuration XMLs. The application name displayed in text labels and browser titles can also be customized.130
  • Community Activity Score: Moderate. The apache/openmeetings GitHub repository has 1.1k stars, 728 forks, and 25 contributors.127
  • Release Frequency (per year): Moderate. Major releases occur roughly every two years (e.g., 7.0.0 in Feb 2023, 8.0.0 in Jan 2025). Minor releases (2-3) typically follow within the first year of a major release.152 The latest version is 8.0.0.127

G. MiroTalk SFU

• Profile:
  • Introduction: MiroTalk SFU (Selective Forwarding Unit) is a free, open-source, self-hostable WebRTC video conferencing platform built on Mediasoup.155 It emphasizes simplicity, security, and scalability, supporting high video resolutions (up to 4K or even 8K mentioned in some contexts) and compatibility across all major browsers and platforms without requiring downloads or plugins.155
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Yes, MiroTalk SFU is open source.155 It is licensed under the AGPL-3.0 (GNU Affero General Public License v3.0).155 Commercial licenses (Regular and Extended) are available for users who wish to use it in closed-source projects, rebrand it, or for commercial purposes where end-users are charged.158
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, MiroTalk SFU is designed to be self-hosted.155 Documentation is provided for setting it up on a dedicated server.
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): Yes, Docker Hub repositories exist (e.g., elestio/mirotalk-sfu, rogerdz/mirotalksfu), and docker-compose files are mentioned for deployment.158
  • Minimum Server Requirements: Requires Node.js (tested with v18.x). For Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, dependencies include build-essential, python3.8, python3-pip, and ffmpeg.155 General recommendations for a MiroTalk (P2P, but SFU would be similar or higher) instance are any OS, 2 CPU Cores, 2 GB RAM, 10 GB Storage, Domain/Subdomain, and IPv4.163 Specifics for SFU load are not detailed but would depend on Mediasoup’s performance characteristics.
  • Max Concurrent Participants: Stated to support up to ~100 concurrent participants per CPU core, with the ability to extend port ranges if needed.164 Mediasoup (the underlying SFU) can typically handle over ~500 consumers per worker (CPU core), and multiple workers/routers can be used for scalability.165
  • Video Resolution Support: Supports video quality up to 4K.155 One GitHub readme also mentions up to 8K.158
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, screen sharing is a feature.155
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): Yes, users can record their screen, audio, and video locally, on the server, or to an S3 bucket.155
  • Recording Storage: Local server storage, client-side local recording, or S3 bucket integration.155
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): For SFU architecture, media is encrypted in transit using DTLS-SRTP between clients and the server. The SFU decrypts and re-encrypts media for forwarding. While the SFU (your server) can technically access media, it doesn’t store or inspect it by default.163 This is distinct from client-to-client E2EE where the server never sees plaintext media. MiroTalk P2P (a different product) offers true E2EE.163
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Yes, includes chat with Emoji Picker, private messages, Markdown support, and conversation saving.155
  • File Transfer (Y/N): Yes, supports file sharing with drag-and-drop.155
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Yes, features an advanced collaborative whiteboard, particularly noted for teachers.155
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): Not explicitly mentioned as a feature in the provided snippets for MiroTalk SFU.155 Miro (the separate whiteboarding tool) has breakout frames, but this is distinct.170
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Speech recognition is listed as a feature, allowing users to execute app features with voice, and ChatGPT integration for answering questions.155 This implies speech-to-text capability, but continuous live transcription for captioning is not explicitly detailed.
  • Transcript Export Formats: Not specified, as full live transcription for export isn’t detailed.
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Not specified as a dedicated framework, but API access allows for integrations.
  • API Access (Y/N): Yes, supports REST API with Swagger documentation. Endpoints for server stats, active meetings, creating meetings, and joining meetings are available.155
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): Not specified in the provided snippets.
  • Authentication Methods: Supports OpenID Connect (OIDC) for user authentication. Host protection (username/password) can restrict access to host features like room creation. JWT (JSON Web Tokens) are used for secure credential management.156
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): The first participant to join a room automatically becomes the presenter/moderator by default, but this can be configured. Presenters have access to moderation options.164 Host protection implies an admin/host role.
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): Yes, the presenter/moderator has moderation options available in settings and via participant controls in chat.164
  • Integrations: Slack, Discord, and Mattermost integrations are mentioned for enhanced communication. Sentry for error reporting.155
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Possible with a Regular or Extended commercial license, which allows rebranding by changing logo, name, description, etc..161 The AGPLv3 license would require modifications to be shared. UI themes are customizable.155
  • Community Activity Score: Moderate. The miroslavpejic85/mirotalksfu GitHub repository has 2.3k stars and 357 forks.171 A Discord server is available for community questions and support.155 The Cloudron forum also shows some user discussions.164
  • Release Frequency (per year): The GitHub repository shows 2,139 commits with the latest activity being recent.158 Specific release versions and their dates are not as clearly listed as in dedicated “Releases” pages of other projects in the snippets, but Cloudron lists MiroTalk SFU version 1.8.39.159 This suggests ongoing development.

H. Galène

• Profile:
  • Introduction: Galène is a self-hosted videoconference server (SFU) designed for ease of deployment and moderate server resource usage.4 Initially created for lectures and conferences (one-to-many), it has evolved to be useful for meetings and student practicals (many-to-many or small groups).4 The server is implemented in Go, using the Pion WebRTC library, and the client is JavaScript-based.4
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Yes, Galène is open source.5 It is distributed under the MIT License.4
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, Galène is explicitly a self-hosted solution.4
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): Yes, a Docker image deburau/galene is available, and docker-compose examples are provided for deployment.173
  • Minimum Server Requirements: Described as requiring “moderate server resources”.4 For Windows 11, 4GB RAM is listed as a prerequisite for running it.176 For lectures (one-to-many), it needs roughly 1/4 of a CPU core for 100 students. For meetings (many-to-many), it can handle ~20 participants on one core, or ~40 on four cores if not all have video on.5
  • Max Concurrent Participants: Approximately 300 participants per CPU core for lectures. For interactive meetings, around 20 on one core, 40 on four cores, with performance degrading if too many have video on simultaneously.5
  • Video Resolution Support: Supports VP8, VP9 (full functionality), H.264 (partial), and AV1 (preliminary). Features simulcast and Scalable Video Coding (SVC) for VP8/VP9.5 “Blackboard mode” increases resolution at the cost of framerate.4
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, the default client supports screen and window sharing (including multiple windows simultaneously on desktop).4 A native Android client also supports screen sharing.5
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): Yes, supports recording to disk. Recordings are accessible under /recordings/groupname/ by group administrators.4
  • Recording Storage: Local server disk.4 The recordings directory can be configured (default data/recordings).173
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): No, Galène does not perform E2EE. Media is decrypted and re-encrypted by the server.5
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Yes, text chat is available.4
  • File Transfer (Y/N): Yes, peer-to-peer file transfer (one-to-one) is supported via the web interface for files up to a few GB. A command-line tool exists for very large files.5
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Not specified as a built-in feature in the provided snippets.
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): Not specified as a feature. However, its design evolved to be useful for student practicals where users are divided into many small groups, which could imply a form of subgroup management or multiple distinct group instances.4 “Auto-subgroups” can be enabled in group definitions.4
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Yes, via galene-stt, a separate speech-to-text tool that connects to Galène as a client and can use Whisper.cpp for ASR, providing transcripts or real-time captions.5
  • Transcript Export Formats: galene-stt produces a transcript on standard output by default.178 Format for exported captions not detailed.
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Not specified as a dedicated framework, but the administrative API allows for external management.
  • API Access (Y/N): Yes, an HTTP-based administrative API (/galene-api/v0/) is available for managing groups and users, including creating/deleting groups, users, setting passwords, and managing authentication tokens.4
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): Not specified in the provided snippets.
  • Authentication Methods: Supports password-based (plaintext or hashed) and token-based (OAuth2-style) authorization.5 Group definitions in JSON files specify users, passwords, and permissions.4 Anonymous login can be allowed.5 Third-party authorization servers can be used.5
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): Yes, permissions like “op” (operator/administrator), “present” (ordinary user), and “admin” (server administrator) can be defined in group/server configuration files.4 Operators can manage the group (e.g., record, invite).
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): Yes, the user interface allows clicking on a user to access a menu of actions. Group moderation includes warn user, kick user, lock group.4 Mute/unmute buttons are available.4
  • Integrations: galene-stream provides an RTMP frontend for use with OBS Studio.5 LDAP integration via a third-party authorization server is possible.5 A WordPress plugin (Galene Manager) exists.5 Supports WHIP protocol.5
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Not explicitly detailed as a feature, but being open source and self-hosted, UI customization is possible by modifying client files.
  • Community Activity Score: Moderate. The jech/galene GitHub repository has 1.1k stars and 151 forks.4 A mailing list (galene@lists.galene.org) exists for user questions and development.5
  • Release Frequency (per year): The deburau/galene-docker repository shows 13 releases, with 0.7.2 being the latest on Jul 10, 2023.174 The main jech/galene repository release frequency is not available in the snippets.181

I. PlugNMeet

• Profile:
  • Introduction: PlugNMeet is an open-source, WebRTC-based web conferencing system built on the LiveKit high-performance infrastructure.182 It is designed to be scalable, easily customizable, and simple to integrate into any existing website or system, allowing for the creation of secure, HD audio/video conferencing with a rich feature set.182
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Yes, PlugNMeet is open source.182 The plugNmeet-server is under the MIT license.183 The Joomla component is under GNU GPL.184
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, PlugNMeet is designed as a self-hosted web conferencing solution.182
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): Yes, Docker can be used to install PlugNMeet on any platform. An easy install script utilizing Docker is provided.185 Docker images for plugNmeet-server, plugnmeet-etherpad, and plugnmeet-recorder are available on Docker Hub.183 A docker-compose_sample.yaml is available in the server repository.187
  • Minimum Server Requirements: Requires a clean Ubuntu (24.04 LTS recommended) or Debian server with a public IP. CPU: At least 4 cores (8+ with recorder, dedicated recommended). RAM: At least 4GB (8GB+ with recorder). Storage: Minimal unless recorder is used. Connection: At least 100 Mbits/sec bandwidth.185 Also requires LiveKit configured properly, Redis, and MariaDB for manual installations.182
  • Max Concurrent Participants: The PlugNMeet Cloud “Professional” plan supports 100 concurrent users.188 For self-hosted instances, this would depend on the LiveKit server capacity and underlying server resources. LiveKit itself can scale to thousands per room with proper setup.189
  • Video Resolution Support: HD audio and video calls are supported.182 Supported video codecs include H264, VP8, VP9, and AV1.182
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, HD screen sharing is a feature.182
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): Yes, MP4 recordings are supported.182 A plugNmeet-recorder application is part of the ecosystem.182
  • Recording Storage: Not explicitly detailed for self-hosted storage options in these snippets, but cloud recording storage (100GB) is mentioned for their “Professional” cloud plan.188 S3 bucket integration for recordings has been discussed in community forums.191
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): Yes, E2EE is supported for media (video, audio) and messages (chat, whiteboard) on compatible browsers (Chromium 83+, Chrome, Edge, Safari, Firefox 117+).182 Users can provide their own E2EE key.192
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Yes, public and private chatting with file sharing is available.182
  • File Transfer (Y/N): Yes, file sharing is supported within the chat.182 The API supports uploading base64 encoded files.192
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Yes, a shared whiteboard for live collaboration is provided. Users can upload, draw, and share office files (pdf, docx, pptx, xlsx, txt) directly on the whiteboard.182 LibreOffice & mupdf-tools are optional dependencies for office file support.182
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): Yes, breakout rooms are a feature.182
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Yes, speech-to-text/translation powered by Microsoft Azure is available.182
  • Transcript Export Formats: Not specified.
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Not specified as a dedicated framework, but SDKs and APIs allow for integration.
  • API Access (Y/N): Yes, a server API is available. Demo API info is provided.183 Documentation for the API is mentioned.190
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): Yes, PlugNMeet will notify a provided URL of different events (room created/started/finished, participant joined/left, recording started/ended/proceeded, etc.). Webhook requests are HTTP POST with a JWT token in the Authorization header for security.193
  • Authentication Methods: Not explicitly detailed for user authentication into meetings, but API access uses an API Key and Secret.190 Integrations with Joomla, Moodle, WordPress, and LTI suggest it leverages the authentication of the host platform.182
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): Yes, users are classified as moderator and attendee, with moderators having more control over meetings.194
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): Yes, various lock and control settings are available to moderators.182
  • Integrations: Ready-to-use extensions/plugins for Joomla, Moodle, WordPress, and LTI are provided.182 SDKs for PHP and JavaScript (NodeJS & Deno) are available.182
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Yes, the interface is highly customizable with functionality, URL, logo, and branding colors.182 The UI builder is mentioned for the cloud plan.188
  • Community Activity Score: Moderate. The mynaparrot/plugNmeet-server GitHub repository has 364 stars and 161 forks.182 A Discord server is available for discussions.182 GitHub discussions show active Q&A and feature requests.195
  • Release Frequency (per year): High. The plugNmeet-server releases page shows frequent updates, with versions like 1.8.2 (April 2025), 1.8.1 (Feb 2025), 1.8.0 (Feb 2025), 1.7.8 (Jan 2025), etc., indicating multiple releases per year.192 The latest version noted is 1.8.2.192

J. Wire

• Profile:
  • Introduction: Wire is a secure communication platform offering messaging, audio, and video calls, built on edge computing and a zero-knowledge architecture.196 It emphasizes end-to-end encryption for all communications and is targeted at individuals, businesses, enterprises, and governments, particularly those with high security and compliance needs.196 Wire is an initiator and key contributor to the Messaging Layer Security (MLS) standard.196
  • Open Source Status & Licensing: Yes, components of Wire are open source. The wire-server repository is licensed under AGPL-3.0.196 Wire also offers commercial on-premise and cloud solutions.197
• Detailed Features:
  • Self-Hosted Option (Y/N): Yes, Wire offers on-premises deployment of its backend, allowing for total data sovereignty.197
  • Docker Image Available (Y/N): The wire-server documentation mentions make docker 201, and a wiremock/wiremock Docker image is available (WireMock is a tool for API mocking, potentially used in development/testing, not the core Wire server itself).202 The official Wire server deployment guide for self-hosting would need to be consulted for production Docker images, though deploy/dockerephemeral/run.sh is mentioned for running dependencies.201 Progress DataDirect Hybrid Data Pipeline (a different product) has detailed Docker deployment steps, not directly Wire server.203
  • Minimum Server Requirements: For a sample architecture supporting a couple of thousand messaging users (conferencing needs scaling): Cassandra (3 nodes, 2 cores/4GB RAM/80GB disk each), MinIO (3 nodes, 1 core/2GB RAM/400GB disk each), Elasticsearch (3 nodes, 1 core/2GB RAM/60GB disk each), Kubernetes (3 nodes, 6 cores/8GB RAM/40GB disk each), Restund (STUN/TURN server, 2 nodes, 1 core/2GB RAM/10GB disk each). Total per-server (for the K8s node running these services) around 11-13 CPU cores, 18-26GB RAM, 590-730GB disk space.200 A minimum of 1GbE networking is recommended for conferencing servers.200
  • Max Concurrent Participants: Up to 150 participants for end-to-end encrypted audio and video conferencing.197
  • Video Resolution Support: “High-quality” audio and video conferencing is mentioned.197 Specific resolutions not detailed. Video media streams may use up to 350kbps.200
  • Screen Sharing (Y/N): Yes, screen sharing is an essential conferencing feature.197
  • Recording Capability (Y/N): The primary Wire features page 197 does not explicitly list call recording as a user-facing feature for its standard E2EE calls. SignalWire (a different company, though “wire” is in the name) mentions programmable calls with recording and transcription 204, which might cause confusion. Wire recording is also a historical audio recording technology.206
  • Recording Storage: Not applicable if not a primary feature of the E2EE calls.
  • End-to-End Encryption (Y/N): Yes, this is a core tenet of Wire. Messages, calls, and files are end-to-end encrypted by default, utilizing MLS for large groups.196
  • Live Chat (Y/N): Yes, secure instant messaging is a core feature.197
  • File Transfer (Y/N): Yes, secure file sharing and management are supported, with E2EE.197
  • Whiteboard / Annotation Tools (Y/N): Not specified as a feature in the provided snippets.
  • Breakout Rooms (Y/N): Not specified as a feature in the provided snippets.
  • Live Transcription (Y/N): Not specified as a feature in the provided snippets. SignalWire (different company) mentions transcription.204
  • Transcript Export Formats: Not applicable.
  • Bot / App Framework (Y/N): Not explicitly detailed as a user-facing bot framework, but API access is available.
  • API Access (Y/N): Yes, client API documentation is mentioned, covering publicly accessible endpoints like authentication and Swagger/OpenAPI documentation.207
  • Webhook Support (Y/N): Not specified in the provided snippets.
  • Authentication Methods: Supports SAML-based Single Sign-On (SSO) and SCIM for user provisioning.197 Wire server API docs mention authentication endpoints.207
  • User Roles & Permissions (Y/N): Yes, extensive, granular administrative controls are mentioned. Multi-tenancy allows segregating users into separate teams.197 “Admin Shielding” ensures admins cannot read messages.197
  • Moderation / Mute Controls (Y/N): Yes, moderation tools are available for conference calls to keep teams focused.197
  • Integrations: SCIM & SSO for identity providers.197 Federation allows separate Wire backends to interact.197
  • Custom Branding (Y/N): Not explicitly detailed for self-hosted instances in these snippets, but on-premise deployment implies a degree of control.
  • Community Activity Score: Moderate to High for server components. The wire-server GitHub repository has 2.7k stars and 327 forks.196 Wire also maintains other open-source client repositories.196
  • Release Frequency (per year): High. The wire-server repository has 116 releases, with the latest (v2025-05-16) on May 19, 2025. Releases appear monthly or near-monthly, with about 10 releases in the last year.196

IV. Comparative Analysis: Feature Landscape

This section provides a consolidated view of the ten evaluated platforms against the key criteria, followed by a discussion of major differentiating factors.

A. Master Feature Comparison Table

The following table summarizes the features of the evaluated self-hostable video conferencing platforms. “NS” indicates that the information was Not Specified in the provided research materials. Version information reflects the latest identified at the time of research. Community Activity Score is a qualitative assessment (Low, Moderate, High, Very High) based on available GitHub metrics (stars, forks, contributors) and other community indicators. Release Frequency is also qualitative (Low, Moderate, High, Very High) based on observed release patterns.

B. Discussion of Key Differentiators

The master table reveals a varied landscape. While many platforms offer core functionalities like screen sharing and chat, significant differences emerge in areas like security, scalability, deployment complexity, and the richness of advanced collaboration tools.

• Security Posture:
  End-to-end encryption (E2EE) is a critical differentiator. Jitsi Meet 10, Element Call (via Matrix and LiveKit) 29, Wire 197, and PlugNMeet 182 explicitly state support for E2EE for media streams. Nextcloud Talk also offers E2EE for calls.52 BigBlueButton is mentioned as providing E2EE in some comparisons 78, though its primary security often revolves around transport layer security and robust access controls. Apache OpenMeetings and Galène focus more on transport encryption (TLS/DTLS-SRTP), with the server having access to media streams.5 MiroTalk SFU uses DTLS-SRTP where the self-hosted SFU decrypts/re-encrypts media.163 The implementation details of E2EE are crucial; for example, Jitsi Meet offers it by default with advanced settings 35, while for others, it might be a configurable option or inherent to their architecture (like Matrix for Element Call). It’s vital to understand that enabling E2EE can impact server-side functionalities like recording or transcription, as the server cannot process encrypted media without specific E2EE-compatible mechanisms.
  Authentication methods are diverse. Most platforms support internal user databases. Enterprise-grade authentication like LDAP and SAML is common in platforms like Nextcloud Talk (via Nextcloud platform) 53, BigBlueButton (via Greenlight/Keycloak) 91, Rocket.Chat 105, and Wire.197 JWT-based authentication is prominent in Jitsi Meet 18 and Element Call (for LiveKit access) 29, facilitating secure embedding and API interactions.
  User roles and moderation controls are generally available, allowing hosts to manage meetings effectively. Platforms like BigBlueButton 93 and Apache OpenMeetings 130 offer granular in-meeting permission adjustments. Jitsi Meet provides moderator capabilities like muting, kicking, and room locking.22
• Scalability and Performance:
  Maximum concurrent participant numbers vary widely. Jitsi Meet is often cited for around 100 participants on a reasonably configured server but can scale much higher with multiple Jitsi Videobridges (JVBs) and Octo for federation.2 BigBlueButton can handle 200-500 users per server, extendable with Scalelite.72 Wire supports up to 150 E2EE participants.197 Nextcloud Talk’s capacity is modest without its High-Performance Backend (HPB) (2-10 users) but scales to thousands with it.52 Platforms leveraging LiveKit, such as Element Call and PlugNMeet, inherit LiveKit’s scalability, which can be substantial (hundreds to thousands, depending on the LiveKit server setup).119 Galène is designed for moderate loads, efficient for lectures (300/core) but smaller for interactive meetings (20-

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